Bangla Grammar
evsjv
Lecture-02
Av‡jvP¨ welqÑ(evsjv 2q cÎt- fvlv,
evsjv fvlvi BwZnvm, fvlvixwZ, e¨vKiY, evsjv e¨vKiY, aŸwb,¯^i aŸwb,e¨Äb aŸwb,
aŸwb cwieZ©b) (evsjv 1q cÎt-Kwe I mvwnZ¨ welqK
Av‡jvPbv
we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbvt-
Av‡jvP¨
welq t fvlv I evsjvfvlvi BwZnvm
ffee
fvlvt- gvbyl evK& h‡š¿i mvnv‡h© †h aŸwb D”PviY K‡i
Zv hw` †Kvb A_© cÖKvkK nq Z‡e Zv fvlvi gh©v`v cvq| fvlv mgvRe× gvby‡li
cvi¯úvwiK fve cÖKv‡ki GKwU DbœZ gva¨g| aŸwbB fvlvi ÿz`ªZg GKK I cÖavb fve
cÖKv‡ki gva¨g| wewfbœ weÁvbx wfbœ wfbœ `„wó‡Kvb †_‡K fvlvi msÁv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|
g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ gvby‡li dzmdzm ZvwoZ evqy Mjvbvwj gyLweei KÚ wRnev Zvjy `vuZ Iô bvK cÖf…wZ evMh‡š¿I
mnvqZvq †ewi‡q Avmvi mgq †h AIqvR ev aŸwbi DrcwË nq Zv‡K fvlv e‡j| myZivs
ejvhvq gvby‡li g‡bi fve cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ gvby‡li
gyLwbtm„Z A_©en aŸwb mgywóB fvlv|
evsjv fvlvt B‡›`v- BD‡ivcxqvb †_‡K g~j fvlv `yB fv‡M wef³
n‡q kZg I †KšÍg n‡q‡Q| kZg kvLv †_‡K
Avh© fvlvi D™¢e| Avh©‡`i ag©MÖš’ Ò†e`Ó Gi fvlv cwiewZ©Z n‡q ms¯‹…Z iƒc jvf K‡i|
=) evsjv fvlvi Aw` Drm –gvMax cÖvK…Z †_‡K(
W.mybxwZKzgvi)
=) †MŠo cÖvK…Z †_‡K evsjv fvlvi DrcwË (W. gyn¤§`
knx`yjøvn)
fvlvixwZt
mvay I PwjZt c„w_wei me fvli gZ
evsjv fvli I `ywU iƒc we`¨gvb| h_vt- (K) ‡gŠwLK fvlv ev K_¨ fvlv Ges (L) ˆjwLK
fvlv ev mvwnwZ¨K A`k© PxiZ ixwZ I Ab¨wU me©Rb ¯^xK…Z Av`k© mvayixwZ|
e¨vKiYt- e¨KiY n‡”Q fvlvi weÁvbm¤§Z wePvi we‡køl‡bi kv¯¿|
e¨KiY kãwU msK…Z kã †_‡K M„nxZ, hvi A_© we‡klfv‡e we‡kølb| e¨vKiY= we+Av+K…+Ab|
evsjv e¨vKiYt- fvlvi wZbwU †gŠwjK Dcv`vb aŸwb, kã, I evK¨| GB
wZbwU welq wb‡qB me e¨KiY Av‡jvPbv K‡i| evsjv e¨KiY I wVK †Zgwb wZbwU welq
wb‡qB Av‡jvPbv K‡i | h_v-
(K) aŸwbZË¡
(Phonetics)
(L) kã ev iƒcZË¡
(Morphology)
(M) evK¨ZË¡ ev c`µg (Syntax)
aŸwb t aŸwb n‡jv fvlvi ÿz`ªZg GKK|
e‡Y©i D”PvwiZ iƒc‡K aŸwb e‡j| evsjv fvlvi aŸwb¸‡jv‡K `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v-
K. ¯^iaŸwb I L. e¨ÄbaŸwb
K.¯^iaŸwb t †h mKj
aŸwb D”Pvi‡Yi mgq dzmdzm ZvwoZ evZvm †ewi‡q †h‡Z gyLwee‡ii †Kv_vI †Kvb cªKvi
evav cvq bv Zv‡`i‡K ¯^ieY© e‡j|
L.e¨ÄbaŸwb t †h mKj
aŸwb D”Pvi‡Yi mgq dzmdzmZvwoZ evZvm †ewi‡q †h‡Z †Kv_vI evavcÖvß nq, Zv‡`i‡K
e¨ÄbeY© e‡j|
eY© t
eY© t aŸwbi
mvs‡KwZK wPý‡K eY© e‡j|
eY©gvjv t †Kvb fvlv
wjL‡Z †h mKj eY© mg~n e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡`i mgwó‡K eY©gvjv e‡j| evsjv eY©gvjvq
e‡©bi msL¨v 50 wU|
¯^ieY© t ¯^iaŸwb
wjL‡Z †h mvs‡KwZK wPý e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K ¯^ieY© e‡j| ¯^ieY© 11 wU| h_v-A Av B C
D E F G H I J
¯^ie‡Y©i
mswÿß iƒc‡K ejv nq Kvi| A Kv‡ii †Kvb Kvi †bB| D”Pvi‡Yi ¯’vb Abyqvqx ¯^ieY© `yB
cÖKvi | h_v-
K. n«¯^¯^i
4wU L. `xN©¯^i 7wU
e¨ÄbeY© t e¨ÄbeY©
wjL‡Z †h mvs‡KwZK wPý e¨envi Kiv nq Zv‡K e¨ÄbeY© e‡j| e¨ÄbeY© 39wU | e¨Äbe‡Y©i
mswÿß iƒc‡K djv e‡j|
gvÎv t evsjv
eY©gvjvq ‡Kvb †Kvb e‡Y©i Dci †iLv ev Kwl †`Iqv _v‡K Zv‡K gvÎv e‡j| gÎvnxb eY©
10wU (¯^ieY© 4wU + e¨ÄbeY© 6wU)| G H I J O T r s t u | Aa©gvÎv eY© 8wU (¯^ieY© 1wU + e¨ÄbeY© 7wU)| L F a M Y k c _ |
c~Y©gvÎvi eY© 32wU(¯^ieY© 6wU + e¨ÄbeY© 26wU)
A‡Nvl
aŸvwb
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‡Nvl
aŸwb
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AícÖvY
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gnvcÖvb
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AícÖvY
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gnvcÖvY
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bvwmK¨
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--
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K
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L
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M
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N
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O
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KÚ eY©
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P
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Q
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R
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S
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T
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Zvje¨
eY©
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U
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V
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W
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X
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Y
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g~aY¨
eY©
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Z
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_
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`
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a
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b
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`šÍ eY©
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c
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d
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e
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f
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g
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Iô eY©
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A‡Nvl aŸwb t †h aŸwb
D”Pvi‡Yi mgq ¯^iZš¿x AbyiwYZ nq bv Zv‡K A‡Nvl aŸwb e‡j| eMx©q 1g I 2q aŸwb
A‡Nvl aŸwb| †hgb: K, L, P, Q|
‡Nvl aŸwb t ‡h aŸwb
D”Pvi‡Yi mgq ¯^iZš¿x AbyiwYZ nq Zv‡K ‡Nvl aŸwb e‡j| eM©xq 3q I 4_© aŸwb †Nvl
aŸwb| †hgb: L, N, Q, S|
AícÖvY aŸwb t †h aŸwb
D”Pvi‡Yi mgq evZv‡mi Pv‡ci ¯^íZv _v‡K
Zv‡K AícÖvY aŸwb e‡j| †hgb: K, M gnvcÖvY
aŸwbt †h aŸwb D”Pvi‡Yi mgq evZv‡mi Pv‡ci AvwaK¨ _v‡K Zv‡K gnvcÖvY aŸwb
e‡j | †hgb: L, N, Q, S
wkk / D®§ aŸwbt †h
e¨ÄbeY© D”Pvi‡Yi mgq evZvm gyLwee‡ii †Kv_vI evav bv †c‡q †KejgvÎ Nl©YcÖvß nq
Ges wkk aŸwbi m„wó K‡i Zv‡K D®§ aŸwb e‡j| ‡hgb: k, l, m, n
civkÖqx aŸwbt ¯^Zš¿ eM©
wnmv‡e fvlvq e¨eüZ nq bv e‡i s, t, u †K civkÖqx eY© Ges G‡`i ‡`¨vwZZ aŸwb‡K
civkÖqx aŸwb ejv nq| Giv Ab¨ aŸwbi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q GK‡Î D”PvwiZ nq|
cvwk¦©K aŸwbt D”Pvi‡Yi
mgq dymdzm ZvwoZ evZvm m¤ú~b© gyLweei a‡i †eiæ‡Z wM‡q wReŸvi GK cvk ev `ycvk
w`‡q ‡ei nq| G mgq wReŸvi AMÖfvM `šÍg~‡j †VuwK‡q ivLv nq| Gfv‡e aŸwbwU cvk¦©RvZ
nq e‡j aŸwbwU‡K cvwk¦©K aŸwb e‡j| †hgb:
j ZvobRvZ aŸwb : wR‡fi WMvq D‡ëv wc‡Vi ¯^í¯’&qx ms¯úk© aŸwb n‡”Q ZvobRvZ
aŸwb| †hgb-o, p
fvlv I aŸwb
1|
wµqvc‡`i mswÿß iƒc e¨eüZ ØPwjZ
ixwZ‡Z
2|
wµqvc‡`i `xN© iƒc e¨eüZ nq Ø mvay
ixwZ‡Z
3| mvay
fvlvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ ‰ewkó¨ Ø ¸iyM¤¢xi I
RwUj
4| PwjZ
fvlvi ˆewkó¨ Ø mnR, mij,
PUzj, cÖvYešÍ I ab¨vZ¥K k‡ãi cÖvavb¨|
5| bvU‡Ki
msjv‡ci Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx bq Ø mvay ixwZ
6| ¯^ieY© Ø 11wU gZvšÍ‡i 10wU
8| †gŠwjK
¯^iaŸwb Ø 7wU
gZvšÍ‡i 8wU
9| ‡hŠwMK ¯^iaŸwb Ø 25wU gZvšÍ‡i 31wU
| wbqwgZ 19wU, AwbqwgZ 12wU
10|
†Vuv‡Ui AvK…wZ Abymv‡i ¯^iaŸwb Ø 4 cÖKvi|
h_v- mse„Z,Aa©mse„Z, wee„Z, I Aa©wee„Z|
11|
¯^iaŸwb MV‡b evKcÖZ‡½i †h A‡½i cÖvab¨ _v‡K Ø gyL I
¯^ihš¿
12| bvwmK¨
e¨Äb e¨ZxZ ¯ú„ó e¨ÄbaŸwbi msL¨v Ø 20wU
13|
K¤úbRvZ aŸwb Ø ÔiÕ
14|
ZvobRvZ aŸwb Ø ÔoÕ
15|
cvwk¦©K aŸwb Ø ÔjÕ
16| Aa©
¯^iaŸwb Ø B, G, I
17| †Nvl
aŸwb Ø e‡M©i 3q,
4_©, 5g aŸwb|
18| A‡Nvl
aŸwb Ø e‡M©i 1g I
2q aŸwb|
19|
gnvcÖvY aŸwb Ø e‡M©i 2q I
4_© aŸwb|
20| AícÖvY
aŸwb Ø e‡M©i 1g I
3q aŸwb|
21| fvlvi
†gŠwjK Ask Ø 4wU h_v:
K.aŸwb L. kã M. evK¨
N. A_©
22|
¯^iaŸwb ‡h cÖKvi aŸwb Ø †Nvl aŸwb|
23|
AbymibkxjZv †h aŸwbi ˆewkó¨ Ø ¯^iaŸwbi
24| mw܇Z
wgjb N‡U Ø e‡Y©i
25| k‡ãi
g~j‡K ejv nq > cªK…Z
26|
D®§aŸwb Ø 4wU h_v:
k, l, m, n
27| wkl
aŸwb Ø 3wU | h_v:
k, m, l|
28| c‡ii B-Kvi
/ D-Kvi Av‡MB D”PvwiZ nIqvi ixwZ‡K e‡j Ø AwcwbwnZ|
29| c‡`i
g‡a¨ e¨ÄbaŸwb †jvc n‡j Zv‡K e‡j Ø AšÍ©nwZ
30| †h
`ywU e¨ÄbaŸwbi D”Pvi‡Y †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB Ø O, s |
31|
D”PvwiZ ev evOgq aŸwbi `„k¨iƒ‡ci bvg Ø wjwc
32|
fvlvixwZi wjwcgvjvi cÖvPxbZg iƒc Ø 2wU | h_v:
L‡ivôx I eªvþx wjwc|
33| fviZxq
wjwcgvjvi D™¢e Ø fviZxq
wPÎvgvjv †_‡K
34| evsjv
wjwci D™¢e Ø eªvþx
wjwc ev KzwUi wjwc †_‡K|
35| fvlvi
ÿz`ªZg GKK Ø aŸwb
36| †h me
aŸwb †U‡b †U‡b D”PviY Kiv hvq Ø ¯^iaŸwb
37| aŸwbi
¯^vfvweK D”PviY n‡jv Ø wee„wZ
D”PviY
38| †h
†ÿ‡Î mwÜ Kivi wbqg ‡bB Ø aŸwb
gvayh© iwÿZ nqbv|
evsjv hy³e¨Äb e‡Y©i
wewkøóiƒc t
m +L = ö R + T = Á n + Y = nè
T + R = Ä n
+ b = ý T + P = Â
K + l = ÿ T
+ Q = Ã Z + i = Î
l + Y = ò `
+ g = Ù n + g = þ
m + _ = ¯’ T
+ S = Å K + l + g = ²
Z + _ = Ì K
+ l + b = ÿè O + M = ½
K + i = µ i
+ D = iæ Z + i + D = Îæ
i + E = iƒ
e + a = ä
Av‡jvP¨
welq t aŸwbi cwieZ©b
1. aŸwbi
cwieZ©b: fvlvi cwieZ©b aŸwbi cwieZ©‡bi
mv‡_ m¤ú„³ | D”Pvi‡Yi mgq mnRxKi‡Yi cÖeYZvq k‡ãi g~j aŸwbi †hme cwieZ©b N‡U
Zv‡K ejv nq aŸwbi cwieZ©b|¯^i I e¨Äb aŸwb cwieZ©‡bi ixwZ-cÖK…wZ wZb iK‡gi:
K. aŸb¨vMg L. aŸwb‡jvc M.
aŸwbi iƒcvšÍi|
2. Avw`
¯^ivMg: D”Pvi‡Yi myweavi Rb¨ ev Ab¨ †Kvb Kvi‡Y
k‡ãi Avw`‡Z ¯^iaŸwb G‡j Zv‡K e‡j Avw`¯^ivMg |‡hgb:
Ø ¯‹zj>
B¯‹zj ‡÷kb>Bw÷kb BZ¨vw`|
3. ¯^ifw³
ev wecÖKl©: D”Pvi‡Yi myweavi Rb¨ hy³
Aÿ‡ii g‡a¨ Avgiv ¯^iaŸwb G‡b †dwj|aŸwb cwieZ©‡bi G aviv‡K wecÖKl© e‡j| hy³e¨Äb
D”Pvi‡Yi mgq evMh‡š¿i Ici evowZ Pvc c‡o|‡mRb¨ evsjv fvlvi m¤¢ve¨ †ÿ‡Î hy³e¨Äb‡K
†f‡O Zvi gv‡S ¯^iaŸwb G‡b D”PviY‡K mnR Kiv nq|Ôfw³Õ k‡ãi A_© wefvRb| Ô¯^ifw³Õ
k‡ãi A_© - ¯^i mn‡hv‡M wefvRb ÔwecÖKl©Õ A_©-`©~ieZ©x nIqv | myZivs ¯^ifw³ ev
wecÖKl© hy³e¨Äb‡K †f‡½ `~ieZ©x K‡i Zvi gv‡S ¯^iaŸwbi AvMgb NUvq| wewkó `yB
e¨ÄbaŸwbi gv‡S ¯^‡ii AvMg nq, G‡K ga¨¯^ivMgI ejv nq| †hgb:
Ø MÖvm >‡Mivm, kw³ >kKwZ,iZœ > iZb, cÖvY
> civb,Rb¥ >
Rbg,ag© > aig, gg© >
gig BZ¨vw`|
¯¯^ifw³ ev
wecÖKl© D”PviY‡K mnR K‡i I kã‡K kÖæwZgayi K‡i|
¯cÖPxb I
ga¨hyMxq evsjv fvlvq GB ixwZ cÖPjb wQj|
¯¯^ifw³‡Z
A, B, D, I aŸwbi AvMgb †`Lv hvq|
D”Pvi‡Yi mnR Kivi cÖeYZvekZ mshy³e¨Äb‡K
†f‡½ Zvi gv‡S ¯^iaŸwb Avbq‡bi ixwZ‡K ¯^ifw³ ev wecÖKl© ev ga¨¯^ivMg e‡j|
4. ¯^im½wZ:
c~e©eZ©x ev cieZ©x ¯^‡ii cÖfve k‡ãi
g‡a¨ Aci ¯^iaŸwb cwiewZ©Z n‡q cÖfveKvix ¯^‡ii m‡½ m½wZ iÿv Ki‡j GB ixwZ‡K ejv
nq ¯^im½wZ| †hgb:
Ø B”Qv > B‡”Q,‡`wk > w`wk,eybv > ‡evbv, wkLv > ‡kLv, ‡ewU > wewU,wRjvwc
> wRwjwc BZ¨vw`|
5.AwcwbwnwZ:
kãga¨w¯’Z e¨Ä‡bi B-Kvi ev D-Kvi Av‡MB
D”PvwiZ nIqvi ixwZ‡K AwcwbwnwZ e‡j| †hgb:
Ø mvay > mvDa, AvwR > AvBR, ivwZ > ivBZ, ivwLqv
> ivBLv, Kb¨v > KBb¨v, Pvwi > PvBi, Pvjy
> PvDj BZ¨vw`|
6. AwfkÖæwZ:
AwcwbwnwZi ÔBÕ ev ÔDÕ c~e©eZ©x ¯^iaŸwbi m‡½ GK cÖKvi mw܇Z wgwjZ n‡j Ges Zvi
cÖfv‡e cieZ©x ¯^‡ii m½wZ ev weK…wZ NU‡j, Zv‡K ejv nq AwfkÖæwZ| ‡hgb:
ivwLqv > ivBL¨v > ‡i‡L
gvwLqv > gvBLv > ‡g‡L
Kwiqv > KBiv > K‡i
gvQyqv > gvDQ¨v > ‡gQv
nvUzqv > nvDU¨v > ‡n‡Uv BZ¨vw`|
7.mgxfeb
ev mgxKib: k‡ãi g‡a¨ ev cvkvcvwk Aew¯’Z
Amg e¨ÄbaŸwb D”Pvi‡Yi myweav‡_© G‡K Ac‡ii cÖfv‡e m½wZ ev mvg¨ jvf Ki‡j, Zv‡K
ejv nq mgxfeb ev mgxKiY| †hgb:
Ø Kuv`bv > Kvbœv, Rb¥
> R¤§, Pµ > P°i , Mí>Mà, KZ©v > KËv, cuvP‡mi> cuvk‡mi,
Zr +Rb¨ > Z¾b¨, wec` + RbK > wec¾bK BZ¨vw`|
8. welgxfeb: mgxfe‡bi wecixZ ixwZ welgwfeb| cvkvcvwk Aew¯’Z k‡ãi g‡a¨ `ywU mge¨Ä‡bi
†h †Kvb GKwU cwiewZ©Z n‡j Zv‡K wemgxfeb e‡j| †hgb:
Ø kixi > kixj, jvj >
bvj, jv½j >
bv½j, ‡jey >
‡bey BZ¨vw` |
9.aŸwb-wech©q:
D”Pvi‡Yi mgq kãw¯’Z aŸwbi ¯’vb cwieZ©b
Ki‡j Zv‡K aŸwb-wech©q ev eY©wech©q e‡j| †hgb:
Ø ev· > ev¯‹, wckvP > wcPvk, gMR > gRM, wiKkv > wikKv,‡cvUjv
> ‡Uvcjv,ivd >
dvj, Z‡jvqvi> Z‡ivqvj BZ¨vw`|
10. evK¨
wech©q: A‡bK mgq `ªæZ D”PviY Ki‡Z wM‡q wKsev
Am‡PZbZv ekZ k‡ãi ¯’vb cwieZ©b N‡U, G‡K evK¨ wech©q e‡j| †hgb: GK Kvc Pv > GK Pvc Kv
| cvwL cvKv †c‡c Lvq > cvwL cvcv †c‡c Lvq BZ¨vw`|
11. bvwmK¨feb:
bvwmK¨ e¨ÄbaŸwb ( O, s, T, b, Y ,g ) †jvc cvIqvi d‡j c~e©eZ©x ¯^aŸwb AvbybvwmK
nq, G cÖwµqvi bvg bvwmK¨feb| †hgb: fÛ > fvuo, K¼b
> KvuKb, c¼ > cuvK, k•L > kuvL, K›UK
> KvuUv, P›`ª > Pvu`, P¤úK > Puvcv, eÜb
> euvab, mÜv > muvS, dw›` > duv`, AÂj
> AvuPj BZ¨vw`|
12. e¨ÄbPywZ:
cvkvcvwk mg D”Pvi‡Yi `y‡Uv e¨ÄbaŸwb _vK‡j Zvi GKwU †jvc cvq, G‡K e¨ÄbPzwZ e‡j| †hgb:
Ø eDw`w` > eDw`, ‡gR`v`v > ‡gR`v, eo`v`v
> eo`v, eow`w` > iow`
BZ¨vw`|
13. aŸwbweK…wZ
ev e¨ÄbweK…wZ: c‡`i AšÍM©Z †Kvb
eY© ciewZ©Z n‡q bZzb iƒc avib Ki‡j, Zv‡K aŸwbweK…wZ ev eY©weK…wZ ev e¨ÄbweK…wZ
e‡j| †hgb:
Ø kvK > kvM, KevU > KcvU, ‡avev
>‡avcv, avBgv > `vBgv
BZ¨vw`|
14. e¨ÄbwØZ¡Zv:
PwjZ fvlvixwZ‡Z GKwU e¨Äbe‡Y©i `yevi
D”PviY‡K e¨ÄbwØZ¡ e‡j | †hgb:
Ø cvKv > cv°v,mKvj > m°vj, eo > eÇ,‡QvU > ‡QvÆ, g~jyK
> g~jøyK,wKQz >
wK”Qz BZ¨vw`|
15. AmgxKiY:
GKB ¯^‡ii cybive„wË `~i Kivi Rb¨
`y-aŸwbi gvSLv‡b hLb ¯^iaŸwb hy³ nq, Zv‡K AmgxKiY e‡j| †hgb:
Ø Uc + Uc > UcvUc, `c + ac > acvac,cU +
cU > cUvcU|
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